When violence is the answer pdf download

For example, victims with limited resources may look to law enforcement as their best option to keep them safe. However, mandatory arrest policies increase the chances that the primary provider will be taken from the home, resulting in a loss of income. As a result, these victims may become less likely to call the police S.

Others debate the issue of whether mandatory arrest policies have been helpful to victims or disempowered them. Coker also discusses the consequence of having resources focused on arrests to the detriment of other benefits to victims, such as social programs leading to empowerment through education and job training.

Having fewer social systems in place to support change leaves the criminal justice system with increased responsibility to produce results. It is important to reiterate that there are benefits to mandatory arrest. For example, a mandatory arrest policy takes the decision out of the hands of the victims, and therefore the batterer should not hold the victim responsible for his or her prosecution. In addition, mandatory arrest policies send a punitive message to batterers and to the community that the criminal justice system responds to the crime of domestic violence in a harsh manner and holds offenders accountable.

However, the unintended consequences of mandatory arrest must also be weighed when determining the best policy approach to this crime.

Victims of domestic violence have long endured a culture of ignorance on the subject of domestic violence. Thus, it is no surprise that until the late s, a wife was not able to file a protection order against her husband unless she also filed for divorce. Even so, restraining orders offered little in the way of protection by law enforcement or the criminal justice system; they were rarely monitored or enforced.

The problem of domestic violence was largely viewed as a dilemma best addressed through counseling or crisis intervention programs rather than through the legal system. Yet, as the domestic violence movement worked to increase public awareness on the subject, it began to receive more attention from the legal system.

Finally, domestic violence gradually came to be seen more seriously as a crime that is more appropriately addressed through the courts instead of family counseling sessions. However, even though awareness improved, negative stereotypes persisted as an impediment to prosecution. Offenders were rarely sentenced, and courts continued to turn toward family crisis intervention programs instead of taking punitive measures Fagan, The court system has seen a large influx of domestic violence cases since the implementation of mandatory arrest laws for offenders.

Advocates and the legal system began to grapple with an emerging need for across-the-board legal processes that could successfully resolve the social, human, and legal dilemmas pertaining to domestic violence cases. Although domestic abuse is a crime, the traditional court system is ill-equipped to deal with all of the complexities involved in domestic violence cases. Because these cases typically include extenuating concerns pertaining to children, property, finances, and victim safety, they necessitate legal services and procedures that are different from those in regular courts.

What has emerged over the years, however, are common programming aspects that are usually indicative of a more progressive specialized court. Examples of these include case assignment, specialized judges, screening for related cases, intake units and case processing, service provision, and case monitoring. Ideally, cases are assigned to specific judges who specialize in domestic violence cases.

The screening process determines whether victims or families are involved in other open cases or have prior involvement in domestic violence court. Often, however, screening is hampered by poor technology or limited information exchange. Thus, current court models seek to simplify the screening process and open information channels in order to obtain documents pertaining to specific victims or families. Because victims and offenders require community resources that apply specifically to their situation, domestic violence courts and community programs must be able to work together in order to provide needed services.

Efficient domestic violence courts also include case monitoring. Overall, a common theme among successful models for domestic violence courts seeks to meet two main goals: victim safety and offender accountability. Tsai did a multisite study to evaluate domestic violence court models. One of the specialized courts Tsai evaluated is located in Quincy, Massachusetts, an urban community outside of Boston. The Quincy court coordinates an integrated system of judges, clerks, law enforcement, social services, and local agencies to provide a comprehensive community response.

Tsai also evaluated the domestic violence court of Dade County, Florida. The Dade County court model is based on therapeutic jurisprudence, which has its roots in mental health cases but has also come to the attention of experts as an appropriate response for domestic violence cases.

The idea behind therapeutic jurisprudence is to enhance the psychological well-being of those who come into contact with the legal system Winick, The Dade County domestic violence court prides itself on expanding its ideas and roles beyond that of the traditional legal system in order to reinforce victim empowerment, increase victim safety, and provide treatment alternatives to traditional penalties for offenders.

This court also followed the tenets of therapeutic jurisprudence. The purpose of this research paper was to review the topic of domestic violence from a criminology and criminal justice perspective.

Domestic violence is the attempt by one person to obtain power and control over his or her intimate partner through psychological, physical, or sexual abuse. For example, although somewhat controversial, the passage of mandatory arrest laws have shown society that law enforcement officers are committed to holding offenders accountable for their actions.

The development of domestic violence courts has indicated that the judicial system views domestic violence differently from other crimes and that it therefore needs its own system of offender processing. Despite the many ways in which the criminal justice system has evolved in its response to domestic violence in the past 40 years Parnas, , there is still much more work to do in the fight against domestic violence.

Free research papers are not written to satisfy your specific instructions. You can use our professional writing services to order a custom research paper on domestic violence and get your high quality paper at affordable price. Outline I. Introduction II. History III. Types of Abuse A. Physical Violence B. Sexual Violence C. Psychological Violence D. Stalking E. Dating Violence IV. Prevalence of Domestic Violence V. Explaining Domestic Violence A.

Cycle of Violence B. Psychopathology C. Perceived Gender Roles VI. Domestic Violence Legislation A. Effects of Legislation IX. Domestic Violence Courts X. Conclusion I. Introduction Domestic violence occurs when a current or former intimate partner exerts dominance and control in a relationship through physical, sexual, or psychological-emotional abuse, resulting in physical or emotional trauma to the victim.

Physical Violence Physical violence involves the use of force, possibly resulting in physical harm, disability, or death. Sexual Violence Sexual violence occurs when one forces or compels a person to engage in a sexual act or experiences sexual contact against his or her will.

Psychological Violence Psychological violence is also commonly called emotional abuse and refers to behaviors of intimidation, control, or coercion resulting in emotional trauma. Dating Violence Dating violence is a form of domestic violence that has been receiving much attention in recent years from the research and practice community those who work with abuse victims. Explaining Domestic Violence Scholars have had a difficult time developing explanations for the occurrence of domestic violence.

Cycle of Violence The majority of relationships characterized by domestic violence experience what is referred to as the cycle of violence, which consists of three stages: 1 the tension-building stage, 2 the explosive stage, and 3 the honeymoon stage.

Psychopathology One explanation behind domestic abuse is that the perpetrator suffers from certain mental disorders that lead him to seek psychological gratification through dysfunctional relationships. Perceived Gender Roles A more widely accepted theory from the feminist school of thought, gender role theory is a perspective that sees institutionalized patriarchy as an explanation for domestic violence. Domestic Violence and the GLBT Community While the majority of research on domestic violence refers to heterosexual couples, studies focusing on intimate partner abuse within gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered GLBT relationships show that it happens at the same rates Renzetti, Nonetheless, as stated by the New York Anti-Violence Project, Services are fraught with potentials for re-victimization that pivots on homophobia, transphobia and heterosexism.

Domestic Violence: Myth Versus Fact One of the major efforts of the domestic violence movement, from the beginning, has been to debunk commonly believed stereotypes and myths about domestic violence. Domestic Violence Legislation While domestic violence has been criminalized in some way in every state, the degrees of the offense and penalties for offenders vary significantly from state to state.

Domestic Violence Courts Victims of domestic violence have long endured a culture of ignorance on the subject of domestic violence. Conclusion The purpose of this research paper was to review the topic of domestic violence from a criminology and criminal justice perspective.

Dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, — Larkin provides some useful nuggets for these fraught times. As a former military intelligence officer, he was part of a beta group that redesigned how Special Operations personnel trained for close combat.

Over the course of his year career, through his company Target Focus Training TFT , he has trained more than 10, people in more than 50 countries how to deal with imminent violence, including elite combat units, celebrities and high-status executives, law enforcement agencies, and high-net worth families.

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Free online essay typer and pdf biology essay neco download objective answer Essays essay on use of digital devices, sample essay for 4th graders multi topic essay pdf download. Did you get emergency treatment? Has the sexual abuse caused any of the items described below?

Do you now avoid sexual contact because of your experience? Have you had voluntary sexual contact since the abuse? Did the experience of violence change your decisions about having children? Are you dependant on any drugs as a consequence of the violence? How many hours have you spent on therapy up until now? How many of these hours were paid by an insurance company?

Did you go to and stay in a hospital because of the abuse? Have you taken any medicine due to the sexual abuse experience? Please explain which medicines these were, and what doses and how long you took them. Please also list the medicines you took after the violence happened and which you no longer take. Medicine Dose Duration of intake 1. How much did you pay for your treatment? Have you ever contemplated suicide? Do you ever hurt your self? How would you describe your self-esteem since the abuse?

What has helped increase your self esteem? Please take the time to answer the last questions, about your personal feelings now. In this table we have put pairs of emotions. Please put only one check in each row.

Would you participate in scientific research again and answer additional questionnaires to help unveil the consequences of violence. Would you ask other people you know to participate? Do you see your self as a unique case, do you feel alone? There is one very important question whereby you can help us: Do you have any suggestions for us, about what else we should ask, what could be phrased more appropriate? We welcome your critique and ideas? Were there doubts about the questions, misunderstandings?

Did you feel any question was inappropriate or wrong?